Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Properties of New <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> Ecotypes
Izabela Betlej,
Bogusław Andres,
Tomasz Cebulak,
Ireneusz Kapusta,
Maciej Balawejder,
Natalia Żurek,
Sławomir Jaworski,
Agata Lange,
Marta Kutwin,
Elżbieta Pisulewska,
Agnieszka Kidacka,
Barbara Krochmal-Marczak,
Piotr Boruszewski,
Piotr Borysiuk
Affiliations
Izabela Betlej
Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Bogusław Andres
Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Tomasz Cebulak
Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
Ireneusz Kapusta
Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
Maciej Balawejder
Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, University of Rzeszów, 1a Ćwiklińskiej St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
Natalia Żurek
Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
Sławomir Jaworski
Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
Agata Lange
Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
Marta Kutwin
Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
Elżbieta Pisulewska
Department of Plant Production and Food Safety, Carpathian State College in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
Agnieszka Kidacka
Breeding Department, Małopolska Plant Breeding Company sp. z o. o., 4 Zbożowa St., 30-002 Kraków, Poland
Barbara Krochmal-Marczak
Department of Plant Production and Food Safety, Carpathian State College in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
Piotr Boruszewski
Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Piotr Borysiuk
Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
The purpose of this study was to characterize ethanol extracts from leaves and flowers of two ecotypes (PL—intended for industrial plantations and KC—intended for cut flowers) of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. The plant was cultivated in 2019 in southern Poland as part of a long-term research plan to develop new varieties resistant to difficult environmental conditions. The collected leaves and flowers were used to prepare ethanol extracts, which were then analyzed in terms of phytochemical composition and antioxidant, bactericidal, and fungicidal properties. Using UPLC techniques, 22 compounds belonging to phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified. UPLC test results indicated that ethanol extracts from leaves and flowers differ in phytochemical composition. Lower amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified in leaf extracts than in flower extracts. The predominant substances in the flower extracts were rosmarinic acid (829.68–1229.33 µg/g), ferulic acid glucoside III (810.97–980.55 µg/g), and ferulic acid glucoside II (789.30–885.06 µg/g). Ferulic acid glucoside II (3981.95–6561.19 µg/g), ferulic acid glucoside I (2349.46–5503.81 µg/g), and ferulic acid glucoside III (1303.84–2774.17 µg/g) contained the highest amounts in the ethanol extracts of the leaves. The following substances were present in the extracts in trace amounts or at low levels: apigenin, kaempferol, and caftaric acid. Leaf extracts of the PL ecotype quantitatively (µg/g) contained more phytochemicals than leaf extracts of the KC ecotype. The results obtained in this study indicate that antioxidant activity depends on the ecotype. Extracts from the PL ecotype have a better ability to eliminate free radicals than extracts from the KC ecotype. At the same time, it was found that the antioxidant activity (total phenolic content, ABTS•+, DPPH•, and FRAP) of PL ecotype leaf extracts was higher (24.49, 177.75, 164.88, and 89.10 μmol (TE)/g) than that determined in flower extracts (15.84, 125.05, 82.35, and 54.64 μmol (TE)/g). The test results confirmed that leaf and flower extracts, even at low concentrations (0.313–0.63%), significantly inhibit the growth of selected Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and Candida yeasts. Inhibition of mold growth was observed at a dose extract of at least 1 mL/100 mL.
