Eosinophils in normal and pathological conditions. Structure, mediators, development

Abstract

Eosinophils are the most important cell type. They have a variety of functions. Eosinophil as a separate cellular element was first described by Paul Ehrlich in 1879. Their number usually ranges from 1–4% of the total number of circulating leukocytes. The presence of large specific (secondary) granules is a characteristic feature that distinguishes eosinophils from other granulocytes. Primary granules, lipid bodies are also determined in the cell. Charcot — Leiden crystals are registered in the cytoplasm and granules. Eosinophils are the effector cells of natural immunity. Eosinophils have an ability to rapidly release a vast number of tissue mediators such as granule proteins, cytokines, neuromediators, enzymes and others. It should be noted that some of them are determined only in these cells. The concentrations of many mediators in eosinophils is much higher than in neutrophils. The development of eosinophils is determined by the interaction of a whole complex of transcription factors and cytokines. It is shown that new transcription factors and other molecules involved in the differentiation of these cells to be determined in the future. A more detailed characterization of eosinophil mediators will also be carried out.

Keywords

• eosinophil
• structure
• granules
• mediators
• development
• cytokines
• interleukines
• neuromediators
• enzymes
• transcription factors