Molecules (Jan 2023)
A Zn(II)–Metal–Organic Framework Based on 4-(4-Carboxy phenoxy) Phthalate Acid as Luminescent Sensor for Detection of Acetone and Tetracycline
Abstract
As hazardous environmental pollutants, residual tetracycline (TC) and acetone are harmful to the ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the presence of these pollutants in the environment. In this work, using Zn (II) salt, 4-(4-carboxy phenoxy) phthalic acid (H3L), and 3,5-bis(1-imidazolyl) pyridine (BMP), a new metal–organic framework (Zn-MOF) known as [Zn3(BMP)2L2(H2O)4]·2H2O was synthesized using a one-pot hydrothermal method. The Zn-MOF has a three-dimensional framework based on the [Zn1N2O2] and [Zn2N2O4] nodes linked by a tridentate bridge BMP ligand and an L ligand with the μ1:η1η0/μ1:η1η0/μ0:η0η0 coordination mode. There were two kinds of left- and right-handed helix chains, Zn1-BMP and Zn1-BMP-Zn1-L. The complex was stable in aqueous solutions with pH values of 4–10. The Zn-MOF exhibited a strong emission band centered at 385 nm owing to the π*→π electron transition of the ligand. It showed high luminescence in some common organic solvents as well as in the aqueous solutions of pH 4–10. Interestingly, TC and acetone effectively quenched the luminescence of the Zn-MOF in aqueous solution and enabled the Zn-MOF to be used as a sensor to detect TC and acetone. The detection limits of TC and acetone were observed to be 3.34 µM and 0.1597%, respectively. Even in acidic (pH = 4) and alkaline (pH = 10) conditions, the Zn-MOF showed a stable luminescence sensing capability to detect TC. Luminescence sensing of the Zn-MOF for TC in urine and aquaculture wastewater systems was not affected by the interfering agent. Furthermore, the mechanism of sensing TC was investigated in this study. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and photoinduced electron transfer were found to be the possible quenching mechanisms via UV–Vis absorption spectra/the excitation spectra measurements and DFT calculations.
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