pulmonary infection in a patient with late-onset combined immunodeficiency: a case report with literature review

Abstract

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common humoral immune deficiency in adults, characterized by recurrent sinopulmonary bacterial infections. Invasive fungal infections are rarely associated with CVID. Late-onset combined immunodeficiency (LOCID) is a recently recognized variant of CVID with low CD4 counts and immunoglobulins deficiency. The current study reveals the first documented case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis ( Aspergillus terreus ) in a patient with LOCID. A 52-year-old female with a recurrent history of sinopulmonary infections presented with acute onset fever and shortness of breath. Blood culture and bronchoalveolar lavage culture grew A. terreus . Further evaluation revealed low immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA). Moreover, she also had low CD4 counts (<200 cells/µL). The patient was successfully treated with voriconazole and immunoglobulin therapy. Finally, the study discusses LOCID as a potential risk factor for invasive fungal infections, which can be easily overlooked and cause poor outcomes.