Альтернативні форми навчання в Україні (зарубіжний досвід)

Abstract

У статті розкрито актуальність ідей американського педагога-реформатора, засновника теорії і практики домашнього навчання Джона Холта в контексті реалізації в Україні альтернативної освітньої форми – домашньої освіти. Дж. Холт довів, що поряд із шкільним навчанням мають право на існування інші форми навчання, зокрема, отримання освіти в домашніх умовах. Домашня освіта не набула легального статусу в Україні. Однак, за українським законодавством існують альтернативні до шкільної форми навчання: індивідуальна форма, форма екстернату Статья раскрывает актуальность идей американского педагога-реформатора, основателя теории и практики домашнего обучения Джона Холта в контексте реализации в Украине альтернативной формы образования – домашнего обучения. Дж. Холт доказал, что наряду со школьным обучением имеют право на существование другие формы образования, в частности, получение образования в домашних условиях. Домашнее образование не получило легального статуса в Украине. Однако, согласно украинскому законодательству существуют альтернативные формы школьного обучения: индивидуальная форма, форма экстерната. The article reveals the relevance of the ideas of John Holt – the American educator and reformer, founder of the theory and practice of homeschooling in the context of the implementation in Ukraine of an alternative form of education – homeschooling. It is found that the current Ukrainian system of education is based on compulsory schooling and is not engaged in the proliferation of the ideas of implementing and disseminating home education as an alternative form of education. John Holt proved that along with schooling other forms of education have a right to exist, particularly homeschooling. It is determined that John Holt singled out three reasons why parents decide to educate their children at home: firstly, they believe that they should raise their children by themselves; secondly, they like to be near their children and watch for them, help them learn; thirdly, they want to keep them away from injuries: psychological, physical and moral. It is noted that according to John Holt, the positive aspects of homeschooling are: a child is learning in an atmosphere of support, love and trust; the schedule of learning can vary; a child may slowly focus on the task and do it carefully and well. It is emphasized that in Ukraine there are parents who wish to educate their children at home. For this reason, a movement in support of the idea of legalizing of home schooling has appeared in Ukraine. However, according to the Ukrainian legislation there are alternative forms of schooling: an individual form of education, a form of external studies. It is emphasized that an individual form of education and a form of external studies, although are not home-schooled, but create conditions for the individualization of learning outside the school institution that is a manifestation of an alternative form of education in Ukraine.