Spatial accuracy evaluation of magnetic source imaging methods on OPM-based MEG
Nan An,
Fuzhi Cao,
Wen Li,
Wenli Wang,
Weinan Xu,
Chunhui Wang,
Min Xiang,
Yang Gao,
Binbin Sui,
Dawei Wang,
Dexin Yu,
Xiaolin Ning
Affiliations
Nan An
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Fuzhi Cao
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Wen Li
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Wenli Wang
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Weinan Xu
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Chunhui Wang
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Min Xiang
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; Research Institute of Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Yang Gao
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Binbin Sui
Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
Dawei Wang
Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-free Medicine and Functional Imaging, Jinan 250012, China; Research Institute of Shandong University: Magnetic Field-free Medicine and Functional Imaging, Jinan 250012, China
Dexin Yu
Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-free Medicine and Functional Imaging, Jinan 250012, China; Research Institute of Shandong University: Magnetic Field-free Medicine and Functional Imaging, Jinan 250012, China
Xiaolin Ning
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; Research Institute of Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Corresponding author
Summary: The emergence of the optically pumped magnetometer (OPM)-based magnetoencephalography (MEG) has led to new developments in MEG technology. The source imaging results of different magnetic source imaging (MSI) methods show considerable differences, which makes it difficult for researchers to choose an appropriate method. This study assessed time-domain MSI methods implemented in the Brainstorm, FieldTrip, and SPM12 toolboxes using simulations. We proposed using a metric, variational free energy under the Bayesian framework, as an indicator to evaluate source imaging results because it does not require the ground truth of sources but uses the fitness of the measurement data. Our simulations demonstrated the effectiveness of the variational free energy in indicating the quality of the source reconstruction results. We then applied each MSI method to the real OPM-MEG experimental data. We aimed to highlight the characteristics of each method and provide references for researchers choosing an appropriate MSI method.
