Mycorrhiza-Induced Alterations in Metabolome of <i>Medicago lupulina</i> Leaves during Symbiosis Development
Andrey P. Yurkov,
Roman K. Puzanskiy,
Galina S. Avdeeva,
Lidija M. Jacobi,
Anastasia O. Gorbunova,
Alexey A. Kryukov,
Andrei P. Kozhemyakov,
Yuri V. Laktionov,
Yuri V. Kosulnikov,
Daria A. Romanyuk,
Vladislav V. Yemelyanov,
Alexey L. Shavarda,
Anastasia A. Kirpichnikova,
Galina N. Smolikova,
Maria F. Shishova
Affiliations
Andrey P. Yurkov
Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
Roman K. Puzanskiy
Laboratory of Analytical Phytochemistry, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
Galina S. Avdeeva
Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
Lidija M. Jacobi
Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
Anastasia O. Gorbunova
Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
Alexey A. Kryukov
Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
Andrei P. Kozhemyakov
Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
Yuri V. Laktionov
Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
Yuri V. Kosulnikov
Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
Daria A. Romanyuk
Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
Vladislav V. Yemelyanov
Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
Alexey L. Shavarda
Laboratory of Analytical Phytochemistry, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
Anastasia A. Kirpichnikova
Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
Galina N. Smolikova
Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
Maria F. Shishova
Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
The present study is aimed at disclosing metabolic profile alterations in the leaves of the Medicago lupulina MlS-1 line that result from high-efficiency arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis formed with Rhizophagus irregularis under condition of a low phosphorus level in the substrate. A highly effective AM symbiosis was established in the period from the stooling to the shoot branching initiation stage (the efficiency in stem height exceeded 200%). Mycorrhization led to a more intensive accumulation of phosphates (glycerophosphoglycerol and inorganic phosphate) in M. lupulina leaves. Metabolic spectra were detected with GS-MS analysis. The application of complex mathematical analyses made it possible to identify the clustering of various groups of 320 metabolites and thus demonstrate the central importance of the carbohydrate and carboxylate-amino acid clusters. The results obtained indicate a delay in the metabolic development of mycorrhized plants. Thus, AM not only accelerates the transition between plant developmental stages but delays biochemical “maturation” mainly in the form of a lag of sugar accumulation in comparison with non-mycorrhized plants. Several methods of statistical modeling proved that, at least with respect to determining the metabolic status of host-plant leaves, stages of phenological development have priority over calendar age.
