Scientific Reports (Mar 2021)

Epidemiology, clinical relevance and prognosis of staphylococci in hospital-acquired postoperative intra-abdominal infections: an observational study in intensive care unit

  • Kévin Boussion,
  • Nathalie Zappella,
  • Nathalie Grall,
  • Lara Ribeiro-Parenti,
  • Grégory Papin,
  • Philippe Montravers

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85443-8
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 1
pp. 1 – 8

Abstract

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Abstract The pathogenic role of staphylococci in hospital-acquired postoperative intra-abdominal infections (HAIs) has never been evaluated. In a tertiary care university hospital, we assessed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit for HAIs according to the presence of staphylococci (S-HAI) or their absence (nS-HAI) in peritoneal cultures. Patients with S-HAIs were compared to nS-HAIs patients. Overall, 380 patients were analyzed, including 87 (23%) S-HAI patients [29 Staphylococcus aureus (Sa-HAIs) and 58 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS-HAIs)]. The clinical characteristics did not differ between the S-HAI and nS-HAI patients. Adequacy of empirical anti-infective therapy was achieved less frequently in the staphylococci group (54 vs 72%, respectively, p < 0.01). The 90-day (primary endpoint) and one-year mortality rates did not differ between these groups. The S-HAI patients had decreased rates of postoperative complication (p < 0.05). The adjusted analysis of the clinical outcomes reported a decreased frequency of surgical complications in the staphylococci group (OR 0.43, 95% CI [0.20–0.93], p = 0.03). While the trends toward decreased morbidity criteria were observed in S-HAI patients, the clinical outcomes were not different between the CoNS-HAI and Sa-HAI patients. In summary, our data are not substantial enough to conclude that staphylococci exhibit no pathogenicity in HAIs.