A meta-analysis of genetic and environmental factors impacting on obesity

Abstract

Excess body weight in the populations of both developed and developing countries has been a health, social and economic issue for more than 30 years. The causes of overweight and obesity are complex and rooted in many different factors. The reasons why people gain weight need to be explored to prevent obesity-related diseases, to improve the quality of life and health status in the populations. Aim: to discuss genetic and environmental factors impacting on obesity. Materials and methods: a literature-based meta-analysis. Results: various factors contributing to excessive weight gain need to be explored; obesity prevention measures should include health-promoting education, changing eating habits in families as well as recipes and menu options in catering, and also by encouraging sports activity at every ontogenetic stage. Patients with genetic susceptibility to obesity should be supported in prophylaxis through education, elimination measures (diet) and the necessary pharmacological management so that they can remain active and independent for as long as possible. Conclusions: overweight and obesity are now a global problem. In only two generations, health complications due to excess adiposity have become hard to ignore. The process is parallel to the progress of civilisation, with the related stress, processed food, lack of exercise, insufficient sleep. Today, people have access to many modern conveniences in everyday life, and therefore more time for leisure, but still, maintaining normal (healthy) weight is becoming increasingly difficult.

Keywords

• obesity
• environmental factors
• civilization diseases
• genetic factors