Petroselinum crispum L., essential oil as promising source of bioactive compounds, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities: In vitro and in silico predictions
Ghizlane Nouioura,
Mohamed El fadili,
Naoufal El Hachlafi,
Hatem A. Abuelizz,
Ahmed Elfallaki Elidrissi,
Mohamed Ferioun,
Najoua Soulo,
Sara Er-rahmani,
Badiaa Lyoussi,
Elhoussine Derwich
Affiliations
Ghizlane Nouioura
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30 000, Morocco; Corresponding author.
Mohamed El fadili
LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30 000, Morocco; Corresponding author.
Naoufal El Hachlafi
Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, Fez, 30000, Morocco
Hatem A. Abuelizz
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Elfallaki Elidrissi
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30 000, Morocco
Mohamed Ferioun
Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, Fez, 30000, Morocco; Natural Resources and Environmental Laboratory. Taza Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
Najoua Soulo
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30 000, Morocco
Sara Er-rahmani
Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
Badiaa Lyoussi
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30 000, Morocco
Elhoussine Derwich
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30 000, Morocco; Unity of GC/MS and GC, City of Innovation, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
This exploratory study aims to identify the volatile compounds in PC-Eo (Petroselinum crispum L. essential oil) and evaluate its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in vitro. Molecular docking, drug-likeness prediction, and pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity—ADMET) were among the in silico simulations that were used to explain the biological properties observed in vitro. For PC-Eo's chemical screening, gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was employed. The antioxidant activity of PC-Eo was evaluated using five in vitro complementary techniques, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, β-Carotene bleaching test (BCBT), reducing power (RP), and phosphomolybdenum assay (TAC). GC-MS analysis revealed that the primary components of PC-Eo are apiol (49.05 %), Myristicin (21.01 %), and 1-allyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene (13.14 %). The results of the in vitro antioxidant assays indicate that PC-Eo exhibits a superior antioxidant profile. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of PC-Eo was assessed against five strains, including 2 g-positive bacteria, 2 g-negative bacteria, and one fungal strain (Candida albicans). The disc-diffusion assay revealed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against all strains, with zones of inhibition exceeding 15 mm. The microdilution test highlighted the lowest MIC and MBC values with gram-positive bacteria, ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 % v/v for MIC and 0.5–1.0 % v/v for MBC. For the fungal strain, MIC was recorded at 1.25 % and MFC at 2.5 % v/v. PC-Eo demonstrates bactericidal and fungicidal activity based on the MBC/MIC and MFC/MIC ratios. According to the ADMET study, the primary PC-Eo compounds have advantageous pharmacokinetic characteristics. These findings provide empirical support for the traditional uses of this plant and indicate its possible use as a natural remedy.
