Nanomaterials for Water Remediation: An Efficient Strategy for Prevention of Metal(loid) Hazard
Jyoti Mathur,
Pooja Goswami,
Ankita Gupta,
Sudhakar Srivastava,
Tatiana Minkina,
Shengdao Shan,
Vishnu D. Rajput
Affiliations
Jyoti Mathur
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Aliyabad 304022, Rajasthan, India
Pooja Goswami
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Aliyabad 304022, Rajasthan, India
Ankita Gupta
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
Sudhakar Srivastava
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
Tatiana Minkina
Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Shengdao Shan
Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
Vishnu D. Rajput
Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
Different natural and anthropogenic global events and activities such as urban settlements and industrial development have led to a build-up of numerous pollutants in the environment, creating problems for nature and human health. Among the pollutants, metal(loid)s are persistent and ubiquitously present in the soil, water, and air. The presence of high concentrations of metal(loid)s in water is of serious concern, as water is a basic necessity of humans and plants. Through irrigation, metal(loid)s enter and accumulate in plants, and subsequently reach humans via food. There is demand for sustainable and practical technologies for tackling the challenge of metal(loid) pollution. Nanotechnology has found its place in diverse fields including cosmetics, sensors, remediation, and medicine. Nanoremediation is an effective, feasible, and sustainable technology for cleaning up water contaminated with metal(loid)s and other chemicals. The versatility of nanomaterials is huge due to their differences in size, shape, surface chemistry, and chemical composition. This review sheds light on different nanoparticles (NPs) used for water remediation and summarizes key recent findings. The successful application of NPs in laboratory studies warrants their potential use in water clean-up from a small to a large scale.
