Infection and Drug Resistance (Mar 2022)

Sinobronchial Syndrome Patients with Suspected Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium Infection Exacerbated by Exophiala dermatitidis Infection

  • Watanabe Y,
  • Sano H,
  • Konno S,
  • Kamioka Y,
  • Hariu M,
  • Takano K,
  • Yamada M,
  • Seki M

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 15
pp. 1135 – 1141

Abstract

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Yuji Watanabe,1,2 Hirohito Sano,3 Shuichi Konno,3 Yasuhiro Kamioka,1,4 Maya Hariu,1,2 Kazuki Takano,1,2 Mitsuhiro Yamada,3 Masafumi Seki1 1Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan; 2Laboratory for Clinical Microbiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan; 3Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan; 4Division of Pharmacy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai City, Miyagi, JapanCorrespondence: Masafumi Seki, Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi, 983-8612, Japan, Tel +81-22-259-1221, Fax +81-22-290-8956, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Exophiala dermatitidis is an environmental black fungus that rarely causes respiratory infections, yet its pathophysiological features and treatment regimens have not been established.Case Series: Two cases of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and sinusitis due to E. dermatitidis infection in Japan are presented. Both patients were women, and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) infection was suspected based on chest radiological findings, but E. dermatitidis was detected from bronchial lavage fluid and nasal mucus, respectively. Both cases were successfully treated by antifungal agents such as liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and itraconazole, but clarithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, and sitafloxacin for NTM were not effective.Conclusion: E. dermatitidis can become a respiratory pathogen, especially in patients with chronic sinobronchial syndrome.Keywords: black fungus, bronchiectasis, rheumatoid arthritis, bronchoscope

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