AFM Study of the Influence of Glycerol Flow on Horseradish Peroxidase near the in/out Linear Sections of a Coil

Abstract

Flow-based coiled systems, through which a heat transfer fluid (such as glycerol) is pumped, are widely used for thermal stabilization of bioreactors and biosensor cuvettes and cells. Previously, using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a model protein, we have demonstrated that the incubation of a protein solution in a flow-based system over coiled pipe with flowing glycerol leads to a change in the adsorption properties of the protein macromolecules. Herein, we have studied the effect of the glycerol flow on the properties of HRP, the solution of which was placed differently: i.e., near either the inflow or the outflow linear sections of the pipe, while the coiled section of the pipe was shielded with a grounded metallic cover. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been employed in order to visualize the HRP protein macromolecules adsorbed from its solution onto the mica substrate surface. The quantity of adsorbed protein was estimated based on the AFM data. The enzymatic activity of HRP was estimated by spectrophotometry. We demonstrate that a change in the properties of HRP enzyme was observed after the incubation of its solution near the inflow/outflow linear sections of the pipe with flowing glycerol. Namely, after the incubation of HRP solution near the inflow section, a decrease in the protein adsorption onto mica was observed, but its enzymatic activity remained unchanged in comparison to the control sample. In another case, when the HRP solution was incubated near the outflow section, an increased protein adsorption was observed, while the enzyme exhibited considerably lower activity.

Keywords

• horseradish peroxidase
• liquid flow
• atomic force microscopy
• protein aggregation
• enzymatic activity
• triboelectric effect