Harnessing bio-based chelating agents for sustainable synthesis of AgNPs: Evaluating their inherent attributes and antimicrobial potency in conjunction with honey
Muneeb Irshad,
Anum Mukhtar,
Asif Nadeem Tabish,
Muhammad Bilal Hanif,
Mahshab Sheraz,
Viktoriia Berezenko,
Muhammad Zubair Khan,
Farwa Batool,
Muhammad Imran,
Muhammad Rafique,
Jacek Gurgul,
Thamraa Alshahrani,
Michał Mosiałek,
Juran Kim,
Richard T. Baker,
Martin Motola
Affiliations
Muneeb Irshad
Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan; Corresponding author.
Anum Mukhtar
Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan
Asif Nadeem Tabish
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, New Campus, Lahore, 39021, Pakistan
Muhammad Bilal Hanif
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia; Corresponding author. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Mahshab Sheraz
Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan-si, 15588, Republic of Korea
Viktoriia Berezenko
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural 11 Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
Muhammad Zubair Khan
Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mang, Haripur, 22621, KPK, Pakistan
Farwa Batool
Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan
Muhammad Imran
Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Rafique
Department of Physics, University of Sahiwal, 57000, Sahiwal, Pakistan
Jacek Gurgul
Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL–30239 Krakow, Poland
Thamraa Alshahrani
Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
Michał Mosiałek
Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL–30239 Krakow, Poland
Juran Kim
Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan-si, 15588, Republic of Korea; HYU-KITECH Joint Department, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan-si, 15588, Republic of Korea.
Richard T. Baker
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AJ, United Kingdom
Martin Motola
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia; Corresponding author.
Greenly synthesized nanoparticles have garnered attention due to their low environmental footprint, but impurities limit their applications. A novel semi-organic method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using bio-based chelating fuels (Beta vulgaris subsp., Spinacia oleracea, and Ipomoea batatas) reduces the undesirable impurities. The study also showcases the impact of bio-based chelating fuel on various characteristics of AgNPs in comparison to synthetic chelating fuel. The antimicrobial efficacy of the synthesized AgNPs in conjunction with honey was also assessed against E. coli. The XRD analysis showed cubic structure of AgNPs. The FESEM and TEM analysis showed that the well-connected spherical-shaped AgNPs (∼3–120 nm diameter) while EDS confirmed the presence of Ag in all samples. The TEM analysis also revealed layers of carbonates in AgNPs synthesized using bio-based chelating fuels. XPS investigation confirmed the absence of any prominent impurities in prepared samples and AgNPs have not experienced oxidation on their surface. However, notable surface charging effects due to the uneven conductivity of the particles were observed. The broth dilution method showed that all mixtures containing AgNPs in combination with honey exhibited a significant bacterial growth reduction over a period of 120 h. The highest growth reduction of ∼75 % is obtained for the mixture having AgNPs (Ipomoea batatas) while the least growth reduction of ∼51 % is obtained for the mixture having AgNPs (Beta vulgaris subsp.). The findings affirm that AgNPs can be successfully synthesized using bio-based chelating fuels with negligible ecological consequences and devoid of contaminants. Moreover, the synthesized AgNPs can be employed in conjunction with honey for antibacterial purposes.
