Journal of Clinical Medicine (Aug 2022)
Management of Preschool Wheezing: Guideline from the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group
- Valentina Fainardi,
- Carlo Caffarelli,
- Michela Deolmi,
- Kaltra Skenderaj,
- Aniello Meoli,
- Riccardo Morini,
- Barbara Maria Bergamini,
- Luca Bertelli,
- Loretta Biserna,
- Paolo Bottau,
- Elena Corinaldesi,
- Nicoletta De Paulis,
- Arianna Dondi,
- Battista Guidi,
- Francesca Lombardi,
- Maria Sole Magistrali,
- Elisabetta Marastoni,
- Silvia Pastorelli,
- Alessandra Piccorossi,
- Maurizio Poloni,
- Sylvie Tagliati,
- Francesca Vaienti,
- Giuseppe Gregori,
- Roberto Sacchetti,
- Sandra Mari,
- Manuela Musetti,
- Francesco Antodaro,
- Andrea Bergomi,
- Lamberto Reggiani,
- Fabio Caramelli,
- Alessandro De Fanti,
- Federico Marchetti,
- Giampaolo Ricci,
- Susanna Esposito
Affiliations
- Valentina Fainardi
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Carlo Caffarelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Michela Deolmi
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Kaltra Skenderaj
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Aniello Meoli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Riccardo Morini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Barbara Maria Bergamini
- Paediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Luca Bertelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Loretta Biserna
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Ravenna Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
- Paolo Bottau
- Paediatrics Unit, Imola Hospital, 40026 Imola, Italy
- Elena Corinaldesi
- Paediatric Unit, Carpi Hospital, 41012 Carpi, Italy
- Nicoletta De Paulis
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
- Arianna Dondi
- Pediatric Clinic, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Battista Guidi
- Hospital and Territorial Paediatrics Unit, Pavullo, 41026 Pavullo nel Frignano, Italy
- Francesca Lombardi
- Paediatrics Unit, Maggiore Hospital, 40133 Bologna, Italy
- Maria Sole Magistrali
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
- Elisabetta Marastoni
- Paediatrics Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Silvia Pastorelli
- Paediatrics Unit, Sassuolo Hospital, 41049 Sassuolo, Italy
- Alessandra Piccorossi
- Paediatrics and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Cesena Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Maurizio Poloni
- Paediatrics Unit, Rimini Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Sylvie Tagliati
- Paediatric Clinic, Ferrara Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Francesca Vaienti
- Paediatrics Unit, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
- Giuseppe Gregori
- Primary Care Pediatricians, AUSL Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
- Roberto Sacchetti
- Primary Care Pediatricians, AUSL Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
- Sandra Mari
- Primary Care Pediatricians, AUSL Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Manuela Musetti
- Primary Care Pediatricians, AUSL Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Francesco Antodaro
- Primary Care Pediatricians, AUSL Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Andrea Bergomi
- Primary Care Pediatricians, AUSL Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Lamberto Reggiani
- Primary Care Pediatricians, AUSL Imola, 40026 Imola, Italy
- Fabio Caramelli
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Alessandro De Fanti
- Paediatrics Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Federico Marchetti
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Ravenna Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
- Giampaolo Ricci
- Pediatric Clinic, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164763
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 11,
no. 16
p. 4763
Abstract
Preschool wheezing should be considered an umbrella term for distinctive diseases with different observable and measurable phenotypes. Despite many efforts, there is a large gap in knowledge regarding management of preschool wheezing. In order to fill this lack of knowledge, the aim of these guidelines was to define management of wheezing disorders in preschool children (aged up to 5 years). A multidisciplinary panel of experts of the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, addressed twelve different key questions regarding the management of preschool wheezing. Clinical questions have been formulated by the expert panel using the PICO format (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) and systematic reviews have been conducted on PubMed to answer these specific questions, with the aim of formulating recommendations. The GRADE approach has been used for each selected paper, to assess the quality of the evidence and the degree of recommendations. These guidelines represent, in our opinion, the most complete and up-to-date collection of recommendations on preschool wheezing to guide pediatricians in the management of their patients, standardizing approaches. Undoubtedly, more research is needed to find objective biomarkers and understand underlying mechanisms to assess phenotype and endotype and to personalize targeted treatment.
Keywords
- allergen sensitization
- episodic viral wheezing
- multiple trigger wheezing
- pediatric pulmonology
- wheezing
