Immunological tolerance in breast cancer: some reasons for development

Abstract

Immunological tolerance is one of the reasons for the development and progression of malignant tumors. The tumor immune cycle regulates the normal antitumor immune response, and it’s disruption is responsible for the development of immunological tolerance. This article provides a review of russian and foreign literature published in databases such as PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane, eLibrary in the last 5 years, focusing on the emergence of immunological tolerance in breast cancer from the perspective of disrupted regulation of tumor immune cycle phases: expression of antigens on the surface of tumor cells, cancer antigen presentation, priming and activation T cells, immune infiltration of the tumor site, recognition, and elimination of tumor cells. Understanding the mechanisms underlying tumor immune cycle disruption is important for identifying new immunopathogenetic links in the development of breast cancer, as well as identifying targets to improve the effectiveness of therapy for advanced breast cancer.

Keywords

• immune tolerance
• breast cancer
• tumor immune cycle
• metabolome