Klasterisasi Unggah-Ungguh Basa Jawa dan Fenomena Penggunaannya Pada Masyarakat: Studi Kasus di 5 Kota Besar di Indonesia

Abstract

This article discusses and describe about speech level clasterization in Javanaese Language and the language using in society. Form of this research is case study with sociolinguistic approach. Data sources are taken from the use of Javanese language in 5 big cities in Indonesia that are Semarang, Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Surabaya, and Malang. The data in this study was obtained by interview methods, field studies, and the method of sightseeing. The results found from this study that there are several varieties of unggah-ungguh basa in Javanese language. The variety most often used by the community can be divided into 3 large groups that are ngoko, madya, and krama inggil. Ngoko (low level of courtesy) consists of ngoko lugu; ngoko andhap antya-basa; and ngoko andhap basa-antya. The variety of basa madya (moderate level of politeness) consists of madya-ngoko; madya-krama; and madyantara. The variety of krama (high level of politeness) consist of basa krama wredha-krama; mudha-krama; kramantara; and krama inggil. The use of various languages at each level is influenced by several factors, including the closeness or social distance between speakers (O1) and speech partners (O2); age; social status; gender; conversation settings; and context of speech. This rule can also be used as a benchmark for the level of politeness and respect of the Javanese people.

Keywords

• klasterisasi ragam bahasa; unggah-ungguh basa jawa; tingkat tutur; sosiolinguistik