Sustainable Management of Sewage Sludge Using Dhaincha (<i>Sesbania bispinosa</i> (Jacq.) W.Wight) Cultivation: Studies on Heavy Metal Uptake and Characterization of Fibers
Ivan Širić,
Arwa A. AL-Huqail,
Pankaj Kumar,
Madhumita Goala,
Sami Abou Fayssal,
Bashir Adelodun,
Fidelis O. Ajibade,
Sulaiman A. Alrumman,
Saad A. M. Alamri,
Mostafa A. Taher,
Jogendra Singh,
Vinod Kumar,
Ebrahem M. Eid
Affiliations
Ivan Širić
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Arwa A. AL-Huqail
Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Pankaj Kumar
Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, India
Madhumita Goala
Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, India
Sami Abou Fayssal
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Bashir Adelodun
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin 240103, Nigeria
Fidelis O. Ajibade
Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Sulaiman A. Alrumman
Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia
Saad A. M. Alamri
Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia
Mostafa A. Taher
Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir 61321, Saudi Arabia
Jogendra Singh
Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, India
Vinod Kumar
Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, India
Ebrahem M. Eid
Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia
In this study, the potential use of sewage sludge (SS) as a fertilizer source for cultivated Dhaincha (Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.Wight) crops was investigated. Field experiments were conducted using different doses of SS such as 0% (T0), 5% (T1), 10% (T2), and 15% (T3) to amend the soil (w/w). The findings showed that soil amended with SS significantly (p S. bispinosa with an increase in the dose of SS from 0% to 15%. In particular, the T3 treatment gave the best results (mean values) for plant growth and yield parameters such as plant height (380.59 cm), fresh weight (1.47 kg/plant), dry weight (0.27 kg/plant), base diameter (3.19 cm), seed yield (44.71 g/plant), total chlorophyll (3.15 mg/g fwt), carotenoids (0.88 mg/g fwt), carbohydrates (9.40 mg/g), and phenol (0.13 mg/g) contents. Moreover, the selected proximate and fiber characteristics of the S. bispinosa crop were significantly (p 3), and luster (45.65%) compared with the control treatment (T0). The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) studies showed that the S. bispinosa plant was capable of accumulating selected heavy metals from the soil following the order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cd > Cr. The study suggested a sustainable approach for efficient soil fertilization and high-quality S. bispinosa fiber production that could minimize the environmental pollution caused by the unsafe disposal of SS.
