Наукові горизонти (Jan 2020)
THE OPTIMIZATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF SHORT FLAX FIBER
Abstract
Improving the quality of short flax fiber produced by domestic flax processing enterprises is an urgent scientific and technical task for the entire flax industry of the country. The aim of the article is to study and improve existing processes of scrapping waste processing by quantifying the influence of technological factors on the quality indicators of short flax fiber. The main tasks are to intensify the scrapping waste treatment process to develop an optimal technological scheme for producing short flax fiber. The methods of mathematical planning of the experiment were used to determine the influence of the main process parameters on the quality of the resulting short fiber. To control the percentage of scutch, the processed material, in the shaking part of the tow scutcher flax unit, the rotation speed of the scutching drums was changed using a variation, as well as by setting pulleys of different sizes. At the same time, the rotation frequency of the drive shaft of the feed conveyor was changed by replacing the sprockets. The mathematical models have been obtained of the dependence of the content of the scutch in the short fiber and the breaking load of the twisted tape on the number of repeated treatments of the scrapping wastes of the tow scutcher flax unit, the departure of the needles and their magnitude on the shaking machine, the number of needle vibrations, the moisture content of the raw materials after the drying machine and the speed of the scutching drums. To increase the strength of the twisted ribbon of short flax fiber, you need to strive to reduce the sweep angle of the needles and higher rotational speeds of the scutching drums. The degree of removal of weed impurities and scutch is growing, which improves the grinding of fibers, which means that in per unit section of the tape there will be more pure flax fibers. In order to achieve the smallest value of the content of the scutch in the short fiber, which is produced, it is necessary to choose large values of the number of oscillations of the needles of the shaker machines, the departure of the needles above the surface of the grate, the number of revolutions of the scutching drums and the moisture content of the raw materials should be minimal. The number of repeated treatments of scrapping wastes has a positive effect on reducing the content of scutch in short flax fiber. An increase in the rotation speed of scutching drums and the number of repeated processing of the material adversely affects the breakage of the yarn obtained from short fiber. The resulting flax fiber can be in its pure form processed into bulk insulation, cellulose, technical wool or composites with their corresponding physical and mechanical properties. The prospects for further research include the modernization of technological equipment with differentiation of scrapping waste by the content of the scutch when they are received and pneumatically transported to the next processing stage.
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