آداب الرافدين (Dec 1985)
WARXON Piaget, golden and psychological growth
Abstract
There are general foundations and rules to which human beings are subject to their growth during the various stages in addition to the existence of characteristics that are unique to each human being and are related to the circumstances and internal and external internal factors surrounding it. Therefore, predicting what the human being (and the child in particular) will be in the future is impossible unless these factors and characteristics that are unique to the child are taken into consideration, as mental development, for example, differs in its amount from one child to another even if these children are equal in their chronological age as the gifted person progresses with his mental age Peer to him in the age and retarded mentally disabled for the age. The Swiss scientist Jean Piaget, JEAN PIAGET, has studied the mental development of children through his observations to them since he was searching in the laboratory of the school of the psychologist Apene, ALFRED BINET for their responses about the paragraphs of intelligence tests that he developed between then in the psychological clinic in Zurich, so he met the children in an attempt to discover The methods and methods by which they can reach the answer, and this stimulated him to study mental development using the method of observation and interview, and he also benefited a lot from his observations on his children Jacqueline, Lucien, and Laurent. His interests focused on studying the difference between child and adult thinking, as the concepts and ideas of the child felt very strange from the ideas and concepts of adults, and on the other hand, the ideas of the seven-year-old are centered around himself EGO CENTRIC and are influenced by his personal needs and desires more than affected by an understanding of what is going on in his environment . After obtaining his doctorate in life sciences from the University of Lausanne, Piaget's specialization was reflected in his research and studies career, when he adopted a biological framework for growth, in addition to emphasizing the role of the environment. He believes that the child's mental development cannot take place in the correct form when he is in an environment that he interacts with, because he needs to establish relationships with children and other adults and environmental materials where it leads to the acquisition of new capabilities that can be characterized by its specific features through the process of nurturing (NURITION). In confirmation of this, HEBB (1949 AH, HEBB) indicated in a study in 1941 that the difference in the development of mental abilities among individuals is due to differences in genetic factors and to the team in the psychological / muscle stimuli during the first and second year of the individual's life.
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