Both hormones and energy-rich compounds play a role in the mitigation of elevated pH on aluminum toxicity in Citrus sinensis leaves

Bi-Sha Wu; Xu-Feng Chen; Rong-Yu Rao; Dan Hua; Wei-Lin Huang; Wen-Shu Chen; Lin-Tong Yang; Zeng-Rong Huang; Xin Ye; Jincheng Wu; Li-Song Chen

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (Sep 2024)

Both hormones and energy-rich compounds play a role in the mitigation of elevated pH on aluminum toxicity in Citrus sinensis leaves

Bi-Sha Wu,
Xu-Feng Chen,
Rong-Yu Rao,
Dan Hua,
Wei-Lin Huang,
Wen-Shu Chen,
Lin-Tong Yang,
Zeng-Rong Huang,
Xin Ye,
Jincheng Wu,
Li-Song Chen

Affiliations

Bi-Sha Wu: College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants/Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, Fujian Provincial University, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
Xu-Feng Chen: College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Rong-Yu Rao: College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Dan Hua: College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Wei-Lin Huang: College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Wen-Shu Chen: College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Lin-Tong Yang: College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Zeng-Rong Huang: College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Xin Ye: College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Jincheng Wu: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants/Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, Fujian Provincial University, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
Li-Song Chen: College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Corresponding author.

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 283
p. 116975

Abstract

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The contribution of plant hormones and energy-rich compounds and their metabolites (ECMs) in alleviating aluminum (Al) toxicity by elevated pH remains to be clarified. For the first time, a targeted metabolome was applied to identify Al-pH-interaction-responsive hormones and ECMs in Citrus sinensis leaves. More Al-toxicity-responsive hormones and ECMs were identified at pH 4.0 [4 (10) upregulated and 7 (17) downregulated hormones (ECMs)] than those at pH 3.0 [1 (9) upregulated and 4 (14) downregulated hormones (ECMs)], suggesting that the elevated pH improved the adaptation of hormones and ECMs to Al toxicity in leaves. The roles of hormones and ECMs in reducing leaf Al toxicity mediated by elevated pH might include the following aspects: (a) improved leaf growth by upregulating the levels of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-ILE), 6-benzyladenosine (BAPR), N6-isopentenyladenosine (IPR), cis-zeatin-O-glucoside riboside (cZROG), and auxins (AUXs), preventing Al toxicity-induced reduction of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis, and avoiding jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense; (b) enhanced biosynthesis and accumulation of tryptophan (TRP), as well as the resulting increase in biosynthesis of auxin, melatonin and secondary metabolites (SMs); (c) improved ability to maintain the homeostasis of ATP and other phosphorus (P)-containing ECMs; and (d) enhanced internal detoxification of Al due to increased organic acid (OA) and SM accumulation and elevated ability to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to enhanced SM accumulation. To conclude, the current results corroborate the hypotheses that elevated pH reduces Al toxicity by upregulating the ability to maintain the homeostasis of ATP and other P-containing ECMs in leaves under Al toxicity and (b) hormones participate in the elevated pH-mediated alleviation of Al toxicity by positively regulating growth, the ability to detoxify ROS, and the internal detoxification of Al in leaves under Al toxicity. Our findings provide novel insights into the roles of hormones and ECMs in mitigating Al toxicity mediated by the elevated pH.

Published in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

ISSN: 0147-6513 (Print); 1090-2414 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: United States
LCC subjects: Technology: Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering: Environmental pollution; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation: Environmental sciences
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/ecotoxicology-and-environmental-safety

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