The role of gut microbiota in prostate inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia and its therapeutic implications
Jie Chen,
Bo Chen,
Bin Lin,
Yin Huang,
Jinze Li,
Jin Li,
Zeyu Chen,
Puze Wang,
Biao Ran,
Jiahao Yang,
Huijian Huang,
Liangren Liu,
Qiang Wei,
Jianzhong Ai,
Dehong Cao
Affiliations
Jie Chen
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Bo Chen
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Bin Lin
West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Jintang Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
Yin Huang
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Jinze Li
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Jin Li
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Zeyu Chen
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Puze Wang
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Biao Ran
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Jiahao Yang
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Huijian Huang
Department of Urology, Karamay people's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Liangren Liu
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Qiang Wei
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Corresponding author.
Jianzhong Ai
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Corresponding author.
Dehong Cao
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Corresponding author.
Background: The gut microbiota thrives in a complex ecological environment and its dynamic balance is closely related to host health. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence of various diseases including prostate inflammation is related to the dysregulation of the gut microbiome. Objective: This review focus on the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota induces prostate inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia and its therapeutic implications. Materials and methods: Publications related to gut microbiota, prostate inflammation, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) until April 2023 were systematically reviewed. The research questions were formulated using the Problem, Intervention, Comparison/Control, and Outcome (PICO) frameworks. Results: Fifteen articles covering the relationship between the gut microbiota and prostate inflammation/BPH, the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influences prostate inflammation and BPH, and potential therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota for these conditions were included. Conclusion: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are metabolites of the intestinal microbiota, protect the integrity of the intestinal barrier, regulate immunity, and inhibit inflammation. However, dysregulation of the gut microbiota significantly reduces the SCFA content in feces and impairs the integrity of the gut barrier, leading to the translocation of bacteria and bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide, mediating the development of prostate inflammation through microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs).
