Effects of Metamifop on Defense Systems in <i>Monopterus albus</i>

Abstract

The effects of herbicides on non-target organisms in paddy fields have become a popular research topic. As a widely used herbicide, it is necessary to explore the potential toxicity of metamifop in non-target organisms, especially aquatic animals, in co-culture mode. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of metamifop (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/L) on the defense system (antioxidation, immunity, and apoptosis) in Monopterus albus. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and protein carbonylation (PCO) increased significantly (p p p p p p p TNF-α and IL-1β expression levels in the NF-κB signaling pathway decreased significantly (p IL-8 expression level in the same signaling pathway increased significantly (p M. albus.

Keywords

• herbicides
• oxidative stress
• antioxidation
• immunity
• inflammation
• apoptosis