International Journal of Infectious Diseases (Jun 2020)
Where and when to vaccinate? Interdisciplinary design and evaluation of the 2018 Tanzanian anti-rabies campaign
- Folorunso O. Fasina,
- Niwael Mtui-Malamsha,
- Gladys R. Mahiti,
- Raphael Sallu,
- Moses OleNeselle,
- Bachana Rubegwa,
- Yilma J. Makonnen,
- Fred Kafeero,
- Martin Ruheta,
- Hezron E. Nonga,
- Emmanuel Swai,
- Selemani Makungu,
- Japhet Killewo,
- Edward G. Otieno,
- Athumani M. Lupindu,
- Erick Komba,
- Robinson Mdegela,
- Justine K. Assenga,
- Jubilate Bernard,
- Mohamed Hussein,
- Walter Marandu,
- James Warioba,
- Eliona Kaaya,
- Pius Masanja,
- Gundelinda Francis,
- Violet M. Kessy,
- Janique Savy,
- Hija Choyo,
- Justus Ochieng,
- Almira L. Hoogesteijn,
- Margaret M. Fasina,
- Ariel L. Rivas
Affiliations
- Folorunso O. Fasina
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania; Corresponding author at: FAO ECTAD Tanzania & Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
- Niwael Mtui-Malamsha
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Gladys R. Mahiti
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Republic of Tanzania; One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania
- Raphael Sallu
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Moses OleNeselle
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Bachana Rubegwa
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Yilma J. Makonnen
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Fred Kafeero
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Martin Ruheta
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
- Hezron E. Nonga
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
- Emmanuel Swai
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
- Selemani Makungu
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
- Japhet Killewo
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Republic of Tanzania; One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania
- Edward G. Otieno
- One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania
- Athumani M. Lupindu
- One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania
- Erick Komba
- One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania
- Robinson Mdegela
- One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania
- Justine K. Assenga
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania; One Health Coordination Desk, Prime Minister's Office, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
- Jubilate Bernard
- One Health Coordination Desk, Prime Minister's Office, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania; Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
- Mohamed Hussein
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Republic of Tanzania; One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania
- Walter Marandu
- District Veterinary Office, Moshi District, United Republic of Tanzania
- James Warioba
- Zonal Veterinary Center, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania
- Eliona Kaaya
- Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Pius Masanja
- Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Gundelinda Francis
- Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Violet M. Kessy
- Tanzania National Parks Authority, Same, United Republic of Tanzania
- Janique Savy
- Unit of Geoinformation and Mapping, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Hija Choyo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Justus Ochieng
- AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center, Eastern and Southern Africa, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania
- Almira L. Hoogesteijn
- Human Ecology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
- Margaret M. Fasina
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Ariel L. Rivas
- Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Journal volume & issue
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Vol. 95
pp. 352 – 360
Abstract
Objectives: Hoping to improve health-related effectiveness, a two-phase vaccination against rabies was designed and executed in northern Tanzania in 2018, which included geo-epidemiological and economic perspectives. Methods: Considering the local bio-geography and attempting to rapidly establish a protective ring around a city at risk, the first phase intervened on sites surrounding that city, where the population density was lower than in the city at risk. The second phase vaccinated a rural area. Results: No rabies-related case has been reported in the vaccinated areas for over a year post-immunisation; hence, the campaign is viewed as highly cost-effective. Other metrics included: rapid implementation (concluded in half the time spent on other campaigns) and the estimated cost per protected life, which was 3.28 times lower than in similar vaccinations. Conclusions: The adopted design emphasised local bio-geographical dynamics: it prevented the occurrence of an epidemic in a city with a higher demographic density than its surrounding area and it also achieved greater effectiveness than average interventions. These interdisciplinary, policy-oriented experiences have broad and immediate applications in settings of limited and/or time-sensitive (expertise, personnel, and time available to intervene) resources and conditions.