Colombia’s Armed Conflict and its Refugees: International Legal Protection versus Interregional State Interests

Abstract

Objective/context. This article analyzes the international protection afforded to Colombian refugees in neighboring countries, with a particular emphasis on Panama, Venezuela and Ecuador. It examines the political and security interests of these states as regards their legal recognition of these cross-border migratory flows in light of their international obligations under the 1951 Geneva Convention. It then considers how the various protection labels conferred on refugees contribute to the formation of their identities. Finally, it seeks to question and challenge the evolution of UNHCR’s role and responsibilities in protecting these migrants under its 1950 mandate. Methodology. This empirical case study is based on a qualitative review of the literature pertaining to migratory flows induced by the armed conflict, including official reports published by UN agencies as well as international and Colombian non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Conclusions. The complex dynamics underlying the interregional political and security interests of Colombia’s neighbors have led them to afford limited or no international protection status to the forced migrants. Originality. The relevance of this study is highlighted by the ongoing failure in identifying a durable solution to the protracted situation of Colombian refugees displaced throughout neighboring countries.

Keywords

• Colombia
• Armed Conflict
• Refugees
• Panama
• Venezuela
• Ecuador
• International Protection