Daily Labor Routine of Public Teachers of the Russian Empire in the Second Half of 19th – Early 20th Centiries (Based on Materials of Kazan Province)

Abstract

The article analyzes daily labor routine of public teachers of the Kazan Province ministry and zemstvo schools (except for teachers of non-Russian educational institutions) the period of active development of public education in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Teachership as a social-professional group was formed and changed its appearance during the period of reforming the public education system. The study has identified problems that public teachers face in their professional activities, such as: lack of opportunities for self-development and self-education, lack of a clear definition of teachers’ roles and responsibilities, complicated relationships with the public, etc. The author attributes the described problems to lack of uniformity and unity in the teaching environment, inability to protect their rights without having to participate in the activities of political organizations and concludes that by the early 20th century the given problems had been fully resolved. The materials used in the presented paper have been selected in the course of research work at the National archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, N.I. Lobachevsky Research Library (Kazan), and the Russian State Library (Moscow).

Keywords

• historical anthropology
• daily routine
• public teacher
• kazan province
• 19th century
• a high school teacher