Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation of Kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) Hydrolyzed Protein Using Zebrafish Larvae and Embryos
Rubén Vilcacundo,
Daniel Alejandro Barrio,
Lucrecia Piñuel,
Patricia Boeri,
Andrea Tombari,
Adelita Pinto,
James Welbaum,
Blanca Hernández-Ledesma,
Wilman Carrillo
Affiliations
Rubén Vilcacundo
Laboratory of Functional Foods, Faculty of Foods Sciences and Engineering, Technical University of Ambato, Av. Los Chasquis y Rio Payamino, Campus Huachi, Ambato 1801334, Ecuador
Daniel Alejandro Barrio
CIT-RIO NEGRO Sede Atlántica, Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Don Bosco y Leloir s/n CP 8500, Rio Negro Viedma, Argentina
Lucrecia Piñuel
CIT-RIO NEGRO Sede Atlántica, Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Don Bosco y Leloir s/n CP 8500, Rio Negro Viedma, Argentina
Patricia Boeri
CIT-RIO NEGRO Sede Atlántica, Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Don Bosco y Leloir s/n CP 8500, Rio Negro Viedma, Argentina
Andrea Tombari
CIT-RIO NEGRO Sede Atlántica, Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Don Bosco y Leloir s/n CP 8500, Rio Negro Viedma, Argentina
Adelita Pinto
Department of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Technical University of Babahoyo, Av. Universitaria Km 21/2 Av. Montalvo., Babahoyo 120301, Ecuador
James Welbaum
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79413, USA
Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
Research Institute of Food Science (CIAL-CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Wilman Carrillo
Department of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Technical University of Babahoyo, Av. Universitaria Km 21/2 Av. Montalvo., Babahoyo 120301, Ecuador
Amaranth protein concentrate (APC) was hydrolyzed under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. APC proteins were partially degraded by pepsin at pHs 1.2, 2.0, and 3.2. During the intestinal phase (pepsin/pancreatin enzymes at pH 7.0), no polypeptide bands were observed in the gel, suggesting the susceptibility of amaranth proteins to the action of digestive enzymes. The potent in vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation, shown by the gastric and intestinal digests, was confirmed in the zebrafish larvae, with a 72.86% reduction in oxidation of lipids in the presence of the gastric hydrolysate at pH 2.0, compared to a 95.72% reduction in the presence of the gastrointestinal digest. APC digests were capable of reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the zebrafish embryo model with a value of fluorescence of 52.5% for the gastric hydrolysate, and 48.4% for the intestinal hydrolysate.