Fat–Fit Patterns, Drug Consumption, and Polypharmacy in Older Adults: The EXERNET Multi-Center Study
David Navarrete-Villanueva,
Eva Gesteiro,
Alba Gómez-Cabello,
Asier Mañas,
Rufino Pedro Olivares,
José-Gerardo Villa-Vicente,
Narcís Gusi,
Marcela González-Gross,
Ignacio Ara,
Germán Vicente-Rodríguez,
José Antonio Casajús
Affiliations
David Navarrete-Villanueva
GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Eva Gesteiro
Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Alba Gómez-Cabello
GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Asier Mañas
Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Rufino Pedro Olivares
Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
José-Gerardo Villa-Vicente
Grupo de Investigación VALFIS, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
Narcís Gusi
Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Marcela González-Gross
Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Ignacio Ara
Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
José Antonio Casajús
GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Background: Physical fitness levels and the amount of accumulated adipose tissue (fatness) relate to current and future individuals’ heath status. Nevertheless, the interrelationships of their combined patterns with polypharmacy and the types of medications consumed have not been sufficiently investigated. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in six Spanish regions between 2008 and 2009 with a sample of older community-dwelling adults (≥65 years old) without dementia or cancer. Fitness was measured with one-leg balance and senior fitness tests, as well as by measuring weight and fat mass with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more medications. An analysis of variance was performed for comparisons between the physical fitness and fatness patterns and the medication consumed. Results: A total of 1709 elders were included in the study (72.1 ± 5.2 years). The two unfit patterns were those with the highest drug consumption. The High-Fat–Unfit pattern was the one that had the most significant consumption and had the highest percentage of polymedicated subjects. The Low-Fat–Fit pattern had a significantly lower percentage of people that did not consume any medications. The highest percentages of drug consumption in 7 of the 10 groups that were included were concentrated in the two unfit patterns. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of fitness in older adults, as it is at least as important as the avoidance of accumulation of excess fat with respect to the consumption of a smaller number of medicines.