Treatment Landscape of Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Window of Opportunity

Abstract

The treatment for nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) is a highly unmet medical need. The classic treatment approach for these patients—androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone—until metastatic progression is now considered suboptimal. Several randomized phase III clinical trials have demonstrated significant clinical benefits—including significantly better overall survival (OS)—for treatments that combine ADT with apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide. As a result, these approaches are now included in treatment guidelines and are considered a standard of care. In the present article, we discuss the changing landscape of the management of patients with nmCRPC.

Keywords

• nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
• second generation anti-androgens
• apalutamide
• enzalutamide
• darolutamide
• overall survival