Circulating biomarkers in pulmonary arterial hypertension: State-of-the-art review and future directions
Salaheldin Ahmed, MD,
Abdulla Ahmed, MD,
Göran Rådegran, MD, DMSc, MSc Eng Phys
Affiliations
Salaheldin Ahmed, MD
Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, The Section for Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; The Haemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO Heart and Lung Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Department of Education and Research, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden; Corresponding author: Salaheldin Ahmed, MD, Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
Abdulla Ahmed, MD
Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, The Section for Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; The Haemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO Heart and Lung Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Department of Education and Research, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
Göran Rådegran, MD, DMSc, MSc Eng Phys
Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, The Section for Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; The Haemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO Heart and Lung Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a complex and heterogeneous condition, associated with a considerable diagnostic delay, diminished exercise capacity, and poor outcomes. In pulmonary arterial hypertension, biomarker research has become a subject of intense inquiry, and novel circulating biomarkers acknowledged in a multitude of mechanistic pathways are emerging. Beyond the widely used natriuretic peptides, novel biomarkers may provide deeper pathophysiological understanding, support clinical decision-making, and prompt the incorporation of precision medicine by enabling a more precise individual phenotyping. In this state-of-the-art review, the recent advances in circulating biomarkers in pulmonary arterial hypertension from a clinical perspective are discussed, with particular emphasis on the current state of knowledge, gaps in evidence, and future perspectives.
