Agroznanje (Jan 2011)
In vitro regeneration of mature embryos extracted from fully developed and shrivelled grains of triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack)
Abstract
The appearance of shrivelled grain of cereals basically implies the absence of endosperm formation, taking into consideration that embryos has characteristic anatomy as in the normal grain. Extraction of embryos from shrivelled grains might be significant for breeding in order to get an answer of endosperm genesis interruption, as well as overcoming problems of shrivelled grain apperance in the genotypes hybridization where is expected apperance of genotypes with certain properties. Regeneration of embryos from the shrivelled grain could be of interest in seeking the physiological and ecophysiological responses to the induction of shrivelled grain where endosperm genesis is interupted in the late stages of grain development. This process is known as embryo rescue. It could be particularly interesting shrivelled grain apperance where is noticable interuption of endosperm formation after the initial formation of endosperm. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of embryos regeneration, meaning the rescue of embryos of genotype Oskar, which represent highly perspective domestic genotype. The extracted embryos were grown in vitro on MS nutrient medium. The success of regeneration of the embryo depends on the type of media, and is limited by the age of the embryo or the moment of introduction into the culture in vitro. Significance of the embryos culture extraction is in overcoming dormancy, shortening the breeding cycle, overcoming sterile seeds and seed testing. For embryos that formed normal plant with height over 15 cm, we concluded that they are able to develop a plant that bring spikes.
