Feasibility of Mobile Laser Scanning towards Operational Accurate Road Rut Depth Measurements
Aimad El Issaoui,
Ziyi Feng,
Matti Lehtomäki,
Eric Hyyppä,
Hannu Hyyppä,
Harri Kaartinen,
Antero Kukko,
Juha Hyyppä
Affiliations
Aimad El Issaoui
Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, The National Land Survey of Finland, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02430 Masala, Finland
Ziyi Feng
Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, The National Land Survey of Finland, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02430 Masala, Finland
Matti Lehtomäki
Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, The National Land Survey of Finland, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02430 Masala, Finland
Eric Hyyppä
Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, The National Land Survey of Finland, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02430 Masala, Finland
Hannu Hyyppä
Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Harri Kaartinen
Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, The National Land Survey of Finland, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02430 Masala, Finland
Antero Kukko
Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, The National Land Survey of Finland, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02430 Masala, Finland
Juha Hyyppä
Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, The National Land Survey of Finland, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02430 Masala, Finland
This paper studied the applicability of the Roamer-R4DW mobile laser scanning (MLS) system for road rut depth measurement. The MLS system was developed by the Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI), and consists of two mobile laser scanners and a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-inertial measurement unit (IMU) positioning system. In the study, a fully automatic algorithm was developed to calculate and analyze the rut depths, and verified in 64 reference pavement plots (1.0 m × 3.5 m). We showed that terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data is an adequate reference for MLS-based rutting studies. The MLS-derived rut depths based on 64 plots resulted in 1.4 mm random error, which can be considered adequate precision for operational rutting depth measurements. Such data, also covering the area outside the pavement, would be ideal for multiple road environment applications since the same data can also be used in applications, from high-definition maps to autonomous car navigation and digitalization of street environments over time and in space.
