Preclinical Characterization of Antinociceptive Effect of Bergamot Essential Oil and of Its Fractions for Rational Translation in Complementary Therapy
Damiana Scuteri,
Laura Rombolà,
Michele Crudo,
Chizuko Watanabe,
Hirokazu Mizoguchi,
Shinobu Sakurada,
Kengo Hamamura,
Tsukasa Sakurada,
Paolo Tonin,
Maria Tiziana Corasaniti,
Giacinto Bagetta
Affiliations
Damiana Scuteri
Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
Laura Rombolà
Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
Michele Crudo
Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
Chizuko Watanabe
Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
Hirokazu Mizoguchi
Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
Shinobu Sakurada
First Department of Pharmacology Fukuoka, Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
Kengo Hamamura
First Department of Pharmacology Fukuoka, Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
Tsukasa Sakurada
First Department of Pharmacology Fukuoka, Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
Paolo Tonin
Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy
Maria Tiziana Corasaniti
Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Giacinto Bagetta
Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is endowed with consistent and reproducible antinociceptive and anti-allodynic properties when administered via an inhalation route. However, the effects of its main constituents and of its decolored (DEC) and deterpenated (DET) fractions, which are enriched in limonene or in linalool and linalyl acetate, respectively, on spontaneous motor activity related to anxiety and on formalin-induced licking/biting biphasic behavior have never been investigated before. Therefore, the present research aims to characterize the role of BEO components on an experimental pain model that is relevant to clinical translation. Under our present experimental conditions, a paper filter disc soaked with different volumes of the phytocomplex and of its fractions that was applied at the edge of the observation chamber allowed the effects on the spontaneous motor activity and on the formalin-induced nocifensive response in ddY-strain mice to be studied. The present research demonstrated the effects of the DEC fraction of BEO on motor activity and on formalin-induced licking/biting behavior for the first time, proving that limonene is implicated in reduced motor activity and that it is important for the analgesic effect.
