IMPACT OF PRENATAL PROGRAMMING ON BROWN ADIPOSE STRESS-RELATED CHANGES IN ADULTHOOD

Abstract

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is most obvious in small mammals and infant humans, but was often believed to be lost postnatally within the fi rst few years of the human life. Recent studies using positron emission tomography have demonstrated that healthy adult humans do possess signifi cant depots of metabolically active BAT. Regarding to its signifi cant capacity to control chemical energy, triglyceride and glucose metabolism, BAT could be a potential target for treatment obesity and metabolic syndrome. Aim: to study the infl uence of stress and different kinds of high-calorifi c diet during the prenatal period on adult offspring BAT formation and cytokine activity in experimental animals. Histomorphological researches of interscapular BAT were estimated in nonlinear rats: control group (intact) and offsprings of mothers which during pregnancy were induced social stress by Pratt N.C., 1989 and following kinds of high-calorifi c feeding: 1 group – high-calorifi c diet with chronic introduction of 30% saccharose (by Kozar, 2009); 2 group – high-calorifi c diet with prevailing of fats (by A. Lintermans, 2009); 3 group – a binary infl uence of those factors. Serum cytokines was measured using a GRO/CINC-1 (rat) ELISA kit) and IL-1β (rat), ELISA kit («Enzo Life Sciences», UK). BAT of the animals from control had an ordinary histological structure and serum cytokines level: GRO/CINC-1 – 321±2,85 pg/ml, IL-1β – 28,29±2,06 pg/ml. In the 1 group plural macrovesicle adipocytes among the multilocus cells of brown fat were revealed; GRO/ CINC-1 was greater on 56 %, IL-1β – 100 % vs to control. In the 2 group appeared separate macrovesicle adipocytes; GRO/CINC-1 – greater on 46 %, IL-1β – on 57 % by comparison to control group. In the 3 group appeared areas of maсrovesicular cells and leukocytes perivascular infi ltration; GRO/CINC-1 – greater on 99 % l, IL-1β – on 217 % vs to control. Brown fat forming is prenatally programmed. Prenatal stress modulates BAT differentiation and causes pro-infl ammatory changes that is the foundation for metabolic disbalance in post-natal period. These fi ndings advanced our understanding on brown fat functioning and provided insight to the role of BAT in metabolic regulation of physiological and pathological conditions.

Keywords

• brown adipose tissue, stress, gro/cinc-1, il-1β