Citations and metrics of journals discontinued from Scopus for publication concerns: the GhoS(t)copus Project [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
Andrea Cortegiani,
Mariachiara Ippolito,
Giulia Ingoglia,
Andrea Manca,
Lucia Cugusi,
Anna Severin,
Michaela Strinzel,
Vera Panzarella,
Giuseppina Campisi,
Lalu Manoj,
Cesare Gregoretti,
Sharon Einav,
David Moher,
Antonino Giarratano
Affiliations
Andrea Cortegiani
Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Department of Anesthesia Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
Mariachiara Ippolito
Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Department of Anesthesia Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
Giulia Ingoglia
Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Department of Anesthesia Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
Andrea Manca
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
Lucia Cugusi
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
Anna Severin
Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland
Michaela Strinzel
Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland
Vera Panzarella
Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S), Section of Oral Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
Giuseppina Campisi
Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S), Section of Oral Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
Lalu Manoj
Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 201B, Canada
Cesare Gregoretti
Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Department of Anesthesia Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
Sharon Einav
Intensive Care Unit of the Shaare Zedek Medical Medical Centre, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
David Moher
Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 201B, Canada
Antonino Giarratano
Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Department of Anesthesia Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
Background: Scopus is a leading bibliometric database. It contains a large part of the articles cited in peer-reviewed publications. The journals included in Scopus are periodically re-evaluated to ensure they meet indexing criteria and some journals might be discontinued for 'publication concerns'. Previously published articles may remain indexed and can be cited. Their metrics have yet to be studied. This study aimed to evaluate the main features and metrics of journals discontinued from Scopus for publication concerns, before and after their discontinuation, and to determine the extent of predatory journals among the discontinued journals. Methods: We surveyed the list of discontinued journals from Scopus (July 2019). Data regarding metrics, citations and indexing were extracted from Scopus or other scientific databases, for the journals discontinued for publication concerns. Results: A total of 317 journals were evaluated. Ninety-three percent of the journals (294/317) declared they published using an Open Access model. The subject areas with the greatest number of discontinued journals were Medicine (52/317; 16%), Agriculture and Biological Science (34/317; 11%), and Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (31/317; 10%). The mean number of citations per year after discontinuation was significantly higher than before (median of difference 16.89 citations, p<0.0001), and so was the number of citations per document (median of difference 0.42 citations, p<0.0001). Twenty-two percent (72/317) were included in the Cabell’s blacklist. The DOAJ currently included only 9 journals while 61 were previously included and discontinued, most for 'suspected editorial misconduct by the publisher'. Conclusions: Journals discontinued for 'publication concerns' continue to be cited despite discontinuation and predatory behaviour seemed common. These citations may influence scholars’ metrics prompting artificial career advancements, bonus systems and promotion. Countermeasures should be taken urgently to ensure the reliability of Scopus metrics for the purpose of scientific assessment of scholarly publishing at both journal- and author-level.
