The Astronomical Journal (Jan 2022)
The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)
- Joseph Harry Silber,
- Parker Fagrelius,
- Kevin Fanning,
- Michael Schubnell,
- Jessica Nicole Aguilar,
- Steven Ahlen,
- Jon Ameel,
- Otger Ballester,
- Charles Baltay,
- Chris Bebek,
- Dominic Benton Beard,
- Robert Besuner,
- Laia Cardiel-Sas,
- Ricard Casas,
- Francisco Javier Castander,
- Todd Claybaugh,
- Carl Dobson,
- Yutong Duan,
- Patrick Dunlop,
- Jerry Edelstein,
- William T. Emmet,
- Ann Elliott,
- Matthew Evatt,
- Irena Gershkovich,
- Julien Guy,
- Stu Harris,
- Henry Heetderks,
- Ian Heetderks,
- Klaus Honscheid,
- Jose Maria Illa,
- Patrick Jelinsky,
- Sharon R. Jelinsky,
- Jorge Jimenez,
- Armin Karcher,
- Stephen Kent,
- David Kirkby,
- Jean-Paul Kneib,
- Andrew Lambert,
- Mike Lampton,
- Daniela Leitner,
- Michael Levi,
- Jeremy McCauley,
- Aaron Meisner,
- Timothy N. Miller,
- Ramon Miquel,
- Juliá Mundet,
- Claire Poppett,
- David Rabinowitz,
- Kevin Reil,
- David Roman,
- David Schlegel,
- Santiago Serrano,
- William Van Shourt,
- David Sprayberry,
- Gregory Tarlé,
- Suk Sien Tie,
- Curtis Weaverdyck,
- Kai Zhang,
- Marco Azzaro,
- Stephen Bailey,
- Santiago Becerril,
- Tami Blackwell,
- Mohamed Bouri,
- David Brooks,
- Elizabeth Buckley-Geer,
- Jose Peñate Castro,
- Mark Derwent,
- Arjun Dey,
- Govinda Dhungana,
- Peter Doel,
- Daniel J. Eisenstein,
- Nasib Fahim,
- Juan Garcia-Bellido,
- Enrique Gaztañaga,
- Satya Gontcho A Gontcho,
- Gaston Gutierrez,
- Philipp Hörler,
- Robert Kehoe,
- Theodore Kisner,
- Anthony Kremin,
- Luzius Kronig,
- Martin Landriau,
- Laurent Le Guillou,
- Paul Martini,
- John Moustakas,
- Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille,
- Xiyan Peng,
- Will Percival,
- Francisco Prada,
- Carlos Allende Prieto,
- Guillermo Gonzalez de Rivera,
- Eusebio Sanchez,
- Justo Sanchez,
- Ray Sharples,
- Marcelle Soares-Santos,
- Edward Schlafly,
- Benjamin Alan Weaver,
- Zhimin Zhou,
- Yaling Zhu,
- Hu Zou,
- (DESI Collaboration)
Affiliations
- Joseph Harry Silber
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Parker Fagrelius
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2
- Kevin Fanning
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USA; Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USA
- Michael Schubnell
- University of Michigan (UM) , USA
- Jessica Nicole Aguilar
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Steven Ahlen
- ORCiD
- Boston University (BU) , USA
- Jon Ameel
- ORCiD
- University of Michigan (UM) , USA
- Otger Ballester
- ORCiD
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Spain
- Charles Baltay
- Yale University , USA
- Chris Bebek
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Dominic Benton Beard
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Robert Besuner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Laia Cardiel-Sas
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Spain
- Ricard Casas
- Institut de Cìencies de l’Espai (ICE) , IEEC-CSIC, Spain
- Francisco Javier Castander
- ORCiD
- Institut de Cìencies de l’Espai (ICE) , IEEC-CSIC, Spain
- Todd Claybaugh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Carl Dobson
- Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USA
- Yutong Duan
- ORCiD
- Boston University (BU) , USA
- Patrick Dunlop
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2
- Jerry Edelstein
- Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USA
- William T. Emmet
- Yale University , USA
- Ann Elliott
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USA
- Matthew Evatt
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2
- Irena Gershkovich
- University of Michigan (UM) , USA
- Julien Guy
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Stu Harris
- Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USA
- Henry Heetderks
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]; Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USA
- Ian Heetderks
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]; Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USA
- Klaus Honscheid
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USA; Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USA
- Jose Maria Illa
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Spain
- Patrick Jelinsky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]; Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USA
- Sharon R. Jelinsky
- Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USA
- Jorge Jimenez
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Spain
- Armin Karcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Stephen Kent
- ORCiD
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) , USA
- David Kirkby
- University of California , Irvine (UCI), USA
- Jean-Paul Kneib
- ORCiD
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
- Andrew Lambert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Mike Lampton
- Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USA
- Daniela Leitner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Michael Levi
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Jeremy McCauley
- Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USA
- Aaron Meisner
- ORCiD
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2
- Timothy N. Miller
- Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USA
- Ramon Miquel
- ORCiD
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Spain
- Juliá Mundet
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Spain
- Claire Poppett
- Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USA
- David Rabinowitz
- ORCiD
- Yale University , USA
- Kevin Reil
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , USA; Stanford University , USA
- David Roman
- ORCiD
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Spain
- David Schlegel
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Santiago Serrano
- Institut de Cìencies de l’Espai (ICE) , IEEC-CSIC, Spain
- William Van Shourt
- Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USA
- David Sprayberry
- ORCiD
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2
- Gregory Tarlé
- ORCiD
- University of Michigan (UM) , USA
- Suk Sien Tie
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USA
- Curtis Weaverdyck
- University of Michigan (UM) , USA
- Kai Zhang
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Marco Azzaro
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) , Spain
- Stephen Bailey
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Santiago Becerril
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) , Spain
- Tami Blackwell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Mohamed Bouri
- ORCiD
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
- David Brooks
- ORCiD
- University College London (UCL) , USA
- Elizabeth Buckley-Geer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) , USA
- Jose Peñate Castro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) , Spain
- Mark Derwent
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USA
- Arjun Dey
- ORCiD
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2
- Govinda Dhungana
- Southern Methodist University (SMU) , USA
- Peter Doel
- University College London (UCL) , USA
- Daniel J. Eisenstein
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , USA
- Nasib Fahim
- Grupo de Investigación HCTLab, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Spain
- Juan Garcia-Bellido
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Física Teórica (IFT) UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Spain
- Enrique Gaztañaga
- ORCiD
- Institut de Cìencies de l’Espai (ICE) , IEEC-CSIC, Spain
- Satya Gontcho A Gontcho
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Gaston Gutierrez
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) , USA
- Philipp Hörler
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
- Robert Kehoe
- ORCiD
- Southern Methodist University (SMU) , USA
- Theodore Kisner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Anthony Kremin
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Michigan (UM) , USA
- Luzius Kronig
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
- Martin Landriau
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Laurent Le Guillou
- ORCiD
- Sorbonne Université , Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), France
- Paul Martini
- ORCiD
- Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USA; Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USA
- John Moustakas
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Siena College , USA
- Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; [email protected], [email protected]; IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , France
- Xiyan Peng
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Canada
- Will Percival
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo , Canada; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , Canada
- Francisco Prada
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) , Spain
- Carlos Allende Prieto
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) , Spain
- Guillermo Gonzalez de Rivera
- ORCiD
- Grupo de Investigación HCTLab, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Spain
- Eusebio Sanchez
- ORCiD
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas , Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spain
- Justo Sanchez
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) , Spain
- Ray Sharples
- ORCiD
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University , UK; Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , UK
- Marcelle Soares-Santos
- ORCiD
- University of Michigan (UM) , USA
- Edward Schlafly
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) , USA
- Benjamin Alan Weaver
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2
- Zhimin Zhou
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Canada
- Yaling Zhu
- Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USA
- Hu Zou
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Canada
- (DESI Collaboration)
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac9ab1
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 165,
no. 1
p. 9
Abstract
A system of 5020 robotic fiber positioners was installed in 2019 on the Mayall Telescope, at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The robots automatically retarget their optical fibers every 10–20 minutes, each to a precision of several microns, with a reconfiguration time of fewer than 2 minutes. Over the next 5 yr, they will enable the newly constructed Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) to measure the spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will produce the largest 3D map of the universe to date and measure the expansion history of the cosmos. In addition to the 5020 robotic positioners and optical fibers, DESI’s Focal Plane System includes six guide cameras, four wave front cameras, 123 fiducial point sources, and a metrology camera mounted at the primary mirror. The system also includes associated structural, thermal, and electrical systems. In all, it contains over 675,000 individual parts. We discuss the design, construction, quality control, and integration of all these components. We include a summary of the key requirements, the review and acceptance process, on-sky validations of requirements, and lessons learned for future multiobject, fiber-fed spectrographs.
Keywords
