Does Combined Reconstruction of the Medial Collateral and Anterior Cruciate Ligaments Provide Better Knee Function? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine if medial collateral ligament reconstruction (MCLR) alongside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) preserves knee functionality better than isolated ACLR in combined ACL and MCL tears. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Web of Science were searched systematically on 31 March 2023. Studies reporting post-operative function after ACLR and ACLR + MCLR in combined injuries were included. Outcomes included International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, side-to-side difference (SSD), Lysholm, and Tegner scale values. Results: Out of 2362 papers, 8 studies met the criteria. The analysis found no significant difference in outcomes (MD = 3.63, 95% CI: [−5.05, 12.3] for IKDC; MD = −0.64, 95% CI: [−3.24, 1.96] for SSD at 0° extension; MD = −1.79, 95% CI: [−4.61, 1.04] for SSD at 30° extension; MD = −1.48, 95% CI: [−16.35, 13.39] for Lysholm scale; MD = −0.21, 95% CI: [−4.29, 3.87] for Tegner scale) between treatments. Conclusions: This meta-analysis found no significant difference in outcomes between ACLR and ACLR + MCLR, suggesting that adding MCLR does not provide additional benefits. Due to the heterogeneity and quality of the included studies, further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the optimal treatment for combined severe MCL–ACL injuries.

Keywords

• anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR)
• medial collateral ligament (MCL)
• medial collateral ligament reconstruction (MCLR)
• International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC)
• Lysholm scale
• Tegner scale