Study on impacts of direct supplementation of choline into semi-intensive fish culture system based on haematopoietic alterations

Abstract

The present study investigated the impact of choline chloride at the dose of 350 ​g bigha−1 fortnightly for 90 days culture on Indian Major Carps (IMCs) (Labeo rohita, Catla catla) and Air-breathing fishes (Clarias batracus and Anabas testudineus) in field condition based on haematological parameters. Alterations in erythrocytes and differential leucocytic count, and changes in total red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) content, haemoglobin (Hb), percentage lymphocyte (%LYM), packed cell volume (PCV), thrombocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were used to detect those responses. The choline-fed fishes depicted significant responses like lymphocytosis and neutrophilia; increased number of RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCHC, WBCs, %LYM, monocytes (Mo), neutrophils (Ne), thrombocytes (Th); and decreased number of eosinophils (Eo), MCV, and MCH. In non-choline-fed fishes, analysis revealed the abnormal morphology of erythrocytes due to poor erythropoiesis, e.g., hypochromic, as well as haemorrhagic anaemia with hypoxia, and thrombocytopenia. This study intended to establish the influence of direct choline supplementation on haematopoietic alterations, which can serve as an indicator to improve the defence mechanism as marked by the increased quantity of thrombocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. It can be inferred that this culture practice is able to produce the disease-resistant fish species which can bring about a better yield to avoid an economic loss to the poor fish farmers.

Keywords

• Choline chloride
• Haematopoietic alterations
• Erythropoiesis
• Haematological parameters
• Indian major carps
• Air-breathing fishes