Effect of RONS-Induced Intracellular Redox Homeostasis in 6-NBDG/Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Myotubes and Single Isolated Skeletal Muscle Fibres

Abstract

The glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is essential to produce energy through ATP, which is needed by this organ to maintain vital functions. The impairment of glucose uptake compromises the metabolism and function of skeletal muscle and other organs and is a feature of diabetes, obesity, and ageing. There is a need for research to uncover the mechanisms involved in the impairment of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. In this study, we adapted, developed, optimised, and validated a methodology based on the fluorescence glucose analogue 6-NBDG, combined with a quantitative fluorescence microscopy image analysis, to determine the glucose uptake in two models of skeletal muscle cells: C2C12 myotubes and single fibres isolated from muscle. It was proposed that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and redox homeostasis play an important role in the modulation of intracellular redox signalling pathways associated with glucose uptake. In this study, we prove that the prooxidative intracellular redox environment under oxidative eustress produced by RONS such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. However, when oxidation is excessive, oxidative distress occurs, and cellular viability is compromised, although there might be an increase in the glucose uptake. Based on the results of this study, the determination of 6-NBDG/glucose uptake in myotubes and skeletal muscle cells is feasible, validated, and will contribute to improve future research.

Keywords

• glucose uptake
• 6-NBDG
• insulin resistance
• C2C12 myotubes
• skeletal muscle fibres
• ROS