Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Based on PULCON Methodology: Application to Quantification of Invaluable Marine Toxin, Okadaic Acid
Ryuichi Watanabe,
Chika Sugai,
Taichi Yamazaki,
Ryoji Matsushima,
Hajime Uchida,
Masahiro Matsumiya,
Akiko Takatsu,
Toshiyuki Suzuki
Affiliations
Ryuichi Watanabe
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
Chika Sugai
Department of Marine Science and Resource, Nihon University, Kameino, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan
Taichi Yamazaki
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Chuo 3, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8563, Japan
Ryoji Matsushima
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
Hajime Uchida
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
Masahiro Matsumiya
Department of Marine Science and Resource, Nihon University, Kameino, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan
Akiko Takatsu
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Chuo 3, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8563, Japan
Toshiyuki Suzuki
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
ERETIC2 (Electronic Reference To access In vivo Concentrations 2) based on PULCON (Pulse Length–based Concentration determination) methodology is a quantitative NMR (qNMR) using an external standard. The performance of the PULCON method was assessed using maleic acid (MA). Quantification of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin and okadaic acid by PULCON was successfully consistent with that obtained by a conventional internal standard method, demonstrating that the PULCON method is useful for the quantification of invaluable marine toxins without any contaminations by an internal standard.
