Association of Objective Sleep Characteristics and Incident Angina Pectoris: A Longitudinal Analysis from the Sleep Heart Health Study

Abstract

Jiali Liu,1,* Yuanqiang Zhu,1,* Yingjuan Chang,1,* Ziliang Xu,1 Chen Wang,1 Pengpeng Zhang,1 Shuangxin Li,1 Wenxuan Yang,1 Rui An,1,2 Didi Wen,1 Jian Xu,1,2 Minwen Zheng1 1Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Interventional Surgery Center, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Minwen Zheng, Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127# Changle West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China, Tel [phone], Fax [phone], Email [email protected] Jian Xu, Department of Interventional Surgery Center, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127# Changle West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China, Tel [phone], Fax [phone], Email [email protected]: While prior research has highlighted a significant association between sleep characteristics and angina pectoris (AP) incidence, the link between sleep efficiency (SE) and angina remains unexplored. This study seeks to elucidate the relationship between AP and objectively quantified SE.Patients and Methods: We examined a cohort of 2990 participants (1320 males and 1670 females; mean age 63.69 ± 13.2 years) from the Sleep Heart Health Study. The main exposure variable was SE, as determined by baseline home polysomnography, while the primary outcome was the first incidence of angina pectoris (AP) during the period between the baseline polysomnography and the end of follow-up. A multivariate Cox regression model was utilized, controlling for factors such as age, gender, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption habits, diabetes, hypertension, sleep duration, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, apnea-hypopnea index, nocturnal oxygen saturation, to analyze the relationship between SE and AP.Results: During an average follow-up of 11 years, 284 patients developed AP. The unadjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis identified the 2nd quartile of SE as having the lowest AP risk. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated a higher risk of AP in quartile 1 (HR, 1.679; 95% CI, 1.109– 2.542; P < 0.014) and quartile 3 (HR, 1.503; 95% CI, 1.037– 2.179; P < 0.031), compared to quartile 2 of SE. Upon stratified analysis, this relationship was particularly pronounced in hypertensive individuals.Conclusion: Our results highlight the critical role of optimal sleep efficiency in mitigating the risk of angina pectoris, especially among hypertensive individuals.Keywords: sleep efficiency, angina pectoris, polysomnography, cardiovascular risk, sleep heart health study, hypertension

Keywords

• sleep efficiency
• angina pectoris
• polysomnography
• cardiovascular risk
• sleep heart health study
• hypertension