BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (Jul 2019)

Measuring body image during pregnancy: psychometric properties and validity of a German translation of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale (BIPS-G)

  • Michaela Nagl,
  • Lene Jepsen,
  • Katja Linde,
  • Anette Kersting

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2386-4
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 19, no. 1
pp. 1 – 12

Abstract

Read online

Abstract Background This study aimed to provide a German translation of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale (BIPS) – a measure tailored to pregnancy-specific aspects of body image while being consistent to the multifaceted theoretical framework of body image – and to test its psychometric properties and validity. Methods The English-language original version of the BIPS was translated into German language using a forward-backward translation rationale. Face validity of the items was tested in cognitive interviews (n = 5). An online survey was conducted among 291 pregnant women. After conducting standard item analyses, factorial validity was tested using principal-axis factor analysis (PAF). Convergent and incremental validity with measures of body dissatisfaction (FFB), depression (EPDS), anxiety (GAD-7), self-esteem (RSE), and eating disorder psychopathology (EDE-Q) was tested by bivariate correlations and multiple linear hierarchical regression analyses. Results The PFA revealed a 32 item and 6-factor solution resembling the dimensions preoccupation with appearance, dissatisfaction with strength-related aspects, dissatisfaction with body parts, dissatisfaction with complexion, prioritization of appearance over function, and concerns about sexual attractiveness. Internal consistency on a subscale level was good to excellent (.79 ≤ Cronbach’s α ≤ .91). Consistent with theoretical assumptions, we found significant positive correlations of BIPS-G subscales with depression, anxiety and eating disorder psychopathology and negative correlations of BIPS-G subscales with self-esteem. BIPS-G subscales substantially improved the prediction of depression, anxiety, self-esteem and eating disorder psychopathology over demographic factors and body dissatisfaction (.03 ≤ ΔR2 ≤ .15, all p-values < 0.05). Conclusions The German version of the BIPS appeared to be a reliable and valid measure which has the capacity to enhance future research on body image during pregnancy in German-speaking populations.

Keywords