Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Fibromyalgia: Beyond Pain and Fatigue

Abstract

Introduction: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue. Hypermobile subtype (hEDS), which is the most common, is characterized by joint hyperlaxity, diffuse generalized pain, and chronic fatigue. Meanwhile, fibromyalgia is a pain regulation disorder of chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, cognitive disturbance, psychiatric and multiple somatic symptoms. Objective: To examine the similarities and differences between hEDS, fibromyalgia and highlight the importance of their proper diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases was performed for all English - Spanish language studies published between 2013 and May 2023. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and applied quality criteria. Study quality was assessed using PRISMA and a synthesis of the best evidence was obtained. Results: A total of 20 studies met the criteria and were therefore analyzed. Conclusion: Diagnosing EDS and fibromyalgia can be challenging in medical practice as their clinical manifestations can overlap, and they may even coexist in the same patient.

Keywords

• chronic pain
• chronic fatigue syndrome
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• fibromyalgia
• medical care