Functional Characterization and Anti-Tumor Effect of a Novel Group II Secreted Phospholipase A₂ from Snake Venom of Saudi <i>Cerastes cerates gasperetti</i>

Abstract

Secreted phospholipases A2 are snake-venom proteins with many biological activities, notably anti-tumor activity. Phospholipases from the same snake type but different geographical locations have shown similar biochemical and biological activities with minor differences in protein sequences. Thus, the discovery of a new phospholipase A2 with unique characteristics identified in a previously studied venom could suggest the origins of these differences. Here, a new Group II secreted phospholipase A2 (Cc-PLA2-II) from the snake venom of Saudi Cerastes cerastes gasperetti was isolated and characterized. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 13.945 kDa and showed high specific activity on emulsified phosphatidylcholine of 1560 U/mg at pH 9.5 and 50 °C with strict calcium dependence. Interestingly, stability in extreme pH and high temperatures was observed after enzyme incubation at several pH levels and temperatures. Moreover, a significant dose-dependent cytotoxic anti-tumor effect against six human cancer cell lines was observed with concentrations of Cc-PLA2 ranging from 2.5 to 8 µM. No cytotoxic effect on normal human umbilical-vein endothelial cells was noted. These results suggest that Cc-PLA2-II potentially has angiogenic activity of besides cytotoxicity as part of its anti-tumor mechanism. This study justifies the inclusion of this enzyme in many applications for anticancer drug development.

Keywords

• snake venom
• secreted phospholipase A₂
• stability
• anti-tumor effect
• cytotoxicity
• human cancer cell lines