Известия Томского политехнического университета: Инжиниринг георесурсов (Dec 2021)
GEOINFORMATION SUPPORT FOR SAFE OPERATION OF PIPELINE TRANSPORT
Abstract
The relevance of the research is determined by the need to minimize the losses at all stages of the cycle of processing and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials and reduce environmental pollution from leaks in pipelines. Ensuring the safety of the functioning of pipeline systems requires performing operational assessments of situations at any of natural and economic objects within pipeline segment. The most advanced tools for solving analytical problems are technologies of geoinformation mapping. The general purpose of the created cartographic images is to help in organizing the safe placement of industrial facilities during construction and performing environmental-geodynamic monitoring during pipeline operation. The main aim was to analyze the possibilities of using various geospatial information that contributes to the safe operation of pipeline systems, processed through geoinformation technologies. To achieve this goal, the work examines the domestic and international experience in preventing and eliminating oil spills, and develops requirements for GIS technology that accumulates information about natural and man-made processes. Objects. Composition of information and modules for simulation environment composed of GIS must contain the software for analysis of condition of the components of pipeline infrastructure: primary and backup threads, loopings, branches, bends, site and on-site facilities, industrial buildings, tanks, process piping, etc., and preparation of cartographic materials to ensure prevention and organization of emergency. Methods: decoding of aerospace images of pipeline systems, analysis of space survey materials, data from unmanned aerial vehicles and aerial laser scanning, studying the possibilities of technologies of geoinformation mapping, computer modeling of the state of natural-anthropogenic complexes. Results. The authors have analyzed the regulatory documents that determine the composition of the information necessary for formation of GIS thematic layers on the state of environmental components and the dynamics of natural processes along the routes of pipeline systems. The modules of the information system concentrate data on the disturbance and pollution of the environment, allowing you to create maps of man-made impact scenarios and formulate recommendations for assessing the state and reducing negative consequences. The work shown that the data of remote sensing of the Earth with different spatial resolutions, unmanned aerial vehicles and aerial laser scanning, accurate geodetic reference make it possible to form arrays of geospatial data required for modeling. The environmental safety of hydrocarbon transport is ensured by modeling the development of natural processes that have negative impact on the objects of the pipeline system. For example, when pipeline sections are flooded during floods, as well as when oil and petroleum products enter watercourses, it is necessary to use high-precision digital terrain models. It is proposed to include modules in system that support the analysis of observational data and facilitate decision-making depending on the scenarios of process dynamics, including in the case of emergency oil spills. Conclusions. The significance of the work performed is to develop a methodology for solving a number of issues that contribute to decision-making to minimize the risk of possible accidents during the operation of pipeline systems. The practical value of the proposed technology for collecting and processing primary information for filling databases of geoinformation systems is that it allows you to obtain information sufficient for decision-making in preparation of plans for preventive measures and the elimination of emergency oil spills and the organization of emergency recovery operations.
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