Psychosocial Distress Due to Interference of Normal Developmental Milestones in AYAs with Cancer

Abstract

Cancer in the adolescent and young adult phase poses additional challenges to this period of development that is crucial to the transition to independence. This report provides a brief review of normal developmental milestones in this age range while highlighting the disruptive effects of cancer. We focus on the psychological burden of cancer in patients aged 15–39 years and explore the application of the total pain model to highlight the psychological/emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of non-physical pain. We also briefly review posttraumatic growth and resilience. Lastly, we provide a review of areas for possible development and future research.

Keywords

• adolescents
• young adults
• cancer
• psychological pain
• psychosocial distress
• total pain