Salivary AsHPX12 influences pre-blood meal associated behavioral properties in Anopheles stephensi

Abstract

Background & objectives: A successful blood meal acquisition process by an adult female mosquito is accomplished through salivary glands, which releases a cocktail of proteins to counteract the vertebrate host’s immune homeostasis. Here, we characterize a salivary-specific Heme peroxidase family member HPX12, originally identified from Plasmodium vivax infected salivary RNAseq data of the mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Methods: To demonstrate we utilized a comprehensive in silico and functional genomics approach. Results: Our dsRNA-mediated silencing experiments demonstrate that salivary AsHPX12 may regulate pre-blood meal-associated behavioral properties such as probing time, probing propensity, and host attraction. Altered expression of the salivary secretory and antennal proteins expression may have accounted for salivary homeostasis disruption resulting in the unusual fast release of salivary cocktail proteins and delayed acquisition of blood meal in the AsHPX12 knockdown mosquitoes. We also observed a significant parallel transcriptional modulation in response to blood feeding and P. vivax infection. Interpretation & conclusion: With this work, we establish a possible functional correlation of AsHPX12 role in the maintenance of salivary physiological-homeostasis, and Plasmodium sporozoites survival/transmission, though the mechanism is yet to unravel.

Keywords

• mosquito; salivary gland; plasmodium vivax; host seeking; blood feeding