Health-related quality of life in transplant ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients treated with either thalidomide or lenalidomide-based regimen until progression: a prospective, open-label, multicenter, randomized, phase 3 study
Lene Kongsgaard Nielsen,
Claudia Stege,
Birgit Lissenberg-Witte,
Bronno van der Holt,
Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist,
Morten Salomo,
Gerard Bos,
Mark-David Levin,
Heleen Visser-Wisselaar,
Markus Hansson,
Annette van der Velden,
Wendy Deenik,
Juleon Coenen,
Maja Hinge,
Saskia Klein,
Bea Tanis,
Damian Szatkowski,
Rolf Brouwer,
Matthijs Westerman,
Rineke Leys,
Harm Sinnige,
Einar Haukås,
Klaas van der Hem,
Marc Durian,
Peter Gimsing,
Niels van de Donk,
Pieter Sonneveld,
Anders Waage,
Niels Abildgaard,
Sonja Zweegman
Affiliations
Lene Kongsgaard Nielsen
Quality of Life Research Center, Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Claudia Stege
Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Birgit Lissenberg-Witte
Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Bronno van der Holt
HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist
Section of Hematology and Coagulation, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gotheborg, Sweden
Morten Salomo
Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Gerard Bos
Department of Haematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Mark-David Levin
Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
Heleen Visser-Wisselaar
HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Markus Hansson
Department of Haematology and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Annette van der Velden
Department of Internal Medicine, Martini Ziekenhuis, Groningen, the Netherlands
Wendy Deenik
Department of Internal Medicine, Tergooi Ziekenhuis, Hilversum, the Netherlands
Juleon Coenen
Department of Internal Medicine, Isala, Zwolle, the Netherlands
Maja Hinge
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
Saskia Klein
Department of Internal Medicine, Meander Medisch Centrum, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
Bea Tanis
Department of Internal Medicine, Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Gouda, the Netherlands
Damian Szatkowski
Department of Oncology, Haematology and Palliative Care, Førde Central Hospital, Førde, Norway
Rolf Brouwer
Department of Internal Medicine, Reinier de Graaf Ziekenhuis, Delft, the Netherlands
Matthijs Westerman
Department of Internal Medicine, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
Rineke Leys
Department of Internal Medicine, Maasstad Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Harm Sinnige
Department of Internal Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Den Bosch, the Netherlands
Einar Haukås
Department of Haematology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
Klaas van der Hem
Department of Internal Medicine, Zaans Medisch Centrum, Zaandam, the Netherlands
Marc Durian
Department of Internal Medicine, Tweesteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, the Netherlands
Peter Gimsing
Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Niels van de Donk
Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Pieter Sonneveld
Department of Haematology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Anders Waage
Department of Haematology, St Olavs Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Niels Abildgaard
Quality of Life Research Center, Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Sonja Zweegman
Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Data on the impact of long term treatment with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is limited. The HOVON-87/NMSG18 study was a randomized, phase 3 study in newly diagnosed transplant ineligible patients with multiple myeloma, comparing melphalan-prednisolone in combination with thalidomide or lenalidomide, followed by maintenance therapy until progression (MPT-T or MPR-R). The EORTC QLQ-C30 and MY20 questionnaires were completed at baseline, after three and nine induction cycles and six and 12 months of maintenance therapy. Linear mixed models and minimal important differences were used for evaluation. 596 patients participated in HRQoL reporting. Patients reported clinically relevant improvement in global quality of life (QoL), future perspective and role and emotional functioning, and less fatigue and pain in both arms. The latter being of large effect size. In general, improvement occurred after 6–12 months of maintenance only and was independent of the World Health Organisation performance at baseline. Patients treated with MPR-R reported clinically relevant worsening of diarrhea, and patients treated with MPT-T reported a higher incidence of neuropathy. Patients who remained on lenalidomide maintenance therapy for at least three months reported clinically meaningful improvement in global QoL and role functioning at six months, remaining stable thereafter. There were no clinically meaningful deteriorations, but patients on thalidomide reported clinically relevant worsening in neuropathy. In general, HRQoL improves both during induction and maintenance therapy with immunomodulatory drugs. The side effect profile of treatment did not negatively affect global QoL, but it was, however, clinically relevant for the patients. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NTR1630).