Increased spindle-related brain activation in right middle temporal gyrus during N2 than N3 among healthy sleepers: Initial discovery and independent sample replication
Yan Shao,
Yupeng Guo,
Yun Chen,
Guangyuan Zou,
Jie Chen,
Xuejiao Gao,
Panpan Lu,
Yujie Tong,
Yuezhen Li,
Ping Yao,
Jiayi Liu,
Shuqin Zhou,
Jing Xu,
Jia-Hong Gao,
Qihong Zou,
Hongqiang Sun
Affiliations
Yan Shao
Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, PR China
Yupeng Guo
Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, PR China
Yun Chen
Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, PR China
Guangyuan Zou
Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
Jie Chen
Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, PR China
Xuejiao Gao
Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, PR China
Panpan Lu
Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, PR China
Yujie Tong
Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, PR China
Yuezhen Li
Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Behavioral Neurology and Sleep Center, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
Ping Yao
Mental Health Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, The Third Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010010, PR China
Jiayi Liu
Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
Shuqin Zhou
Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
Jing Xu
Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of International Business, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, PR China
Jia-Hong Gao
Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Correspondence authors at: Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
Qihong Zou
Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Correspondence authors at: Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
Hongqiang Sun
Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Correspondence authors at: Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
The association between spindle metrics and sleep architecture differs during N2 vs. N3 sleep, the underlying neural mechanism is not clearly illustrated. Here, we tested the discrepancy in spindle-related brain activation between N2 and N3 within healthy college students (dataset 1: n = 27, 59 % females, median age 23 years), using simultaneous electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI). To assess the replicability of the finding, we repeated the analysis among normal adults (independent dataset 2: n = 30, 50 % females, median age 32 years). The finding from dataset 1 indicated significantly increased blood-oxygen level-dependent signal in the right middle temporal gyrus during N2 compared with N3, which was well replicated in dataset 2. Furthermore, correlation analysis was performed to explore the association between this spindle-related brain activation and N2, N3 sleep duration during EEG-fMRI. We conducted the correlation analysis in N2 and N3, respectively. The negative association between spindle-related brain activation in the right middle temporal gyrus and sleep duration was only observed in N2. Our findings emphasize the unique role of spindle-related brain activation in the right middle temporal gyrus during N2 in shortening N2 sleep duration.
