Evidence for predictions established by phantom sound
Yun-Yi Qi,
Zi-Hao Guo,
Xiao-Tao Guo,
Rui-Rui Guan,
Bin Luo,
Jing-Wu Sun,
Ming Wang,
Hua-Wei Li,
Lin Chen
Affiliations
Yun-Yi Qi
School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Auditory Research Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
Zi-Hao Guo
School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Auditory Research Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
Xiao-Tao Guo
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
Rui-Rui Guan
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
Bin Luo
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
Jing-Wu Sun
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
Ming Wang
School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Auditory Research Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
Hua-Wei Li
Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Corresponding authors at: Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
Lin Chen
School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Auditory Research Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Corresponding authors at: Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
Predictions, the bridge between the internal and external worlds, are established by prior experience and updated by sensory stimuli. Responses to omitted but unexpected stimuli, known as omission responses, can break the one-to-one mapping of stimulus-response and can expose predictions established by the preceding stimulus built up. While research into exogenous predictions (driven by external stimuli) is often reported, that into endogenous predictions (driven by internal percepts) is rarely available in the literature. Here, we report evidence for endogenous predictions established by the Zwicker tone illusion, a phantom pure-tone-like auditory percept following notch noises. We found that MMN, P300, and theta oscillations could be recorded using an omission paradigm in subjects who can perceive Zwicker tone illusions, but could not in those who cannot. The MMN and P300 responses relied on attention, but theta oscillations did not. In-depth analysis shows that an increase in single-trial theta power, including total and induced theta, with the endogenous prediction, is lateralized to the left frontal brain areas. Our study depicts that the brain automatically analyzes internal perception, progressively establishes predictions and yields prediction errors in the left frontal region when a violation occurs.
